Resistance Training Reduces Subclinical Inflammation in Obese, Postmenopausal Women

PHILLIPS, MELODY D.¹; PATRIZI, ROBERT M.¹; CHEEK, DENNIS J.²; WOOTEN, JOSHUA S.³; BARBEE, JAMES J.⁴; MITCHELL, JOEL B.¹

Abstract

Purpose: Aerobic exercise is frequently prescribed to reduce inflammatory-related disease (cardiovascular disease and diabetes) risk. Resistance training (RT), however, may be key to maximizing anti-inflammatory benefits of consistent exercise. We examined the influence of RT on inflammatory biomarkers in obese, postmenopausal women.

Methods: Twenty-three women (65.6 ± 2.6 yr; body mass index, 33 kg·m⁻²) underwent 12 wk of RT (3 sets, 10 exercises, 3× per week, 8–12 repetition maximum (RM), resistance exercise (EX), N = 11) or social interaction intervention (SI, stretching, knitting, health lectures, 2× per week, control group (CON), N = 12). Both before (BT) and after (AT) RT or SI, blood was collected before (PR), immediately (PO), 2 h (2H), and 24 h (24H) after a single resistance exercise bout (RE) in EX and at the same time points in nonexercise, resting CON. For all time points, blood was analyzed for IL-6, leptin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (LPS-TNF) and IL-10 (LPS-IL10). PR samples were also examined for C-reactive protein, TNF-α, and adiponectin, and mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MC1R. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was extracted BT and AT and analyzed for mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, leptin, CD68, and TLR4.

Results: RT improved strength (44%) and reduced circulating C-reactive protein (−33%), leptin (−18%) and TNF-α (−29%) with no change in body composition. IL-6 decreased after SI in CON (−17%). LPS-TNF increased after SI or RT (CON +26%, EX +67%, respectively), whereas LPS-IL10 decreased in CON (−28%) but increased in EX (+20%). RT did not influence inflammatory biomarker gene expression in whole blood or subcutaneous adipose tissue. A single RE bout augmented LPS-TNF and LPS-IL10 at 24H in EX, particularly AT.

Conclusion: RT reduced markers of subclinical inflammation in circulation in obese, postmenopausal women in the absence of changes in body composition. Chronic RT also enhanced response to endotoxin challenge both at rest (PR) and 24 h after an acute RE bout (24H).

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